The integration of global economies Essay Example for Free

The integration of global economies Essay Globalisation is a controversial issue. It has generated large protests around the world, by people who feel that it benefits only the rich. Yet there are others who claim that it offers real solutions to global poverty. There are arguments for both sides. In practice, globalisation has the potential to do both good and harm. The World Bank defines it as „the growing integration of economies and societis around the worldâ€Å". It sounds simple but processes of globalisation involve changes to many different aspects of society: from communications, to travel, to economics, to government. Globalisation represents a particular economic theory based on the belief that a liberalised, free market is desirable. Supporters of a free market economy believe that this approach promotes healthy competition. Countries can specialise in producing the goods they make most efficiently and export therese goods to other countries without restrictions. Only those who produce goods efficiently and at a competitive price will survive. Globalisation impacts virtually very aspect of life including religion, culture, diet and family life. One of the most striking impacts of globalisation is the increasing connection of economies and cultures, making the world seem smaller. A decision made in Japan can employ thousands in another country, or render them jobless. A flu virus in Asia can affect tourism and business worldwide. Economic and technological change are the major forces driving globalisation. Worldwide, trade is increasing as global markets become more closely linked through improved communication technologies like the internet. These same technologies are bringing distant communities together, and making it easier for corporations to move their operations to areas where costs are low. Cheaper air travel because of technological improvements means more people are travelling for business or pleasure, making workers more mobile. The integration of global economies provides enormous potential for all economies to expand into different parts of the world to both sell and buy new products and services. While it can be difficult to enter new global markets, globalisation is giving poor countries some chance of gaining the benefits of world trade. If poor countries could get access to just one percent more of the value of world trade, it would lift well over 100 Million people out of the poverty through the economic growth and jobs created. As multi-national corporations move production to benefit from cheaper labour costs in poorer countries, they are creating jobs for people who previously had few oppurtunities. Technological advancements mean quick and affordable worldwide travel is now available, particularly to people from wealthier nations. This is helping to boost tourism in many developing countries. The internet and other improved telecommunication facilities enable information to be sent from one corner of the planet to antoher seconds. This has brought together people from vastly different backgrounds and cultures. Ideas are shared, business is conducted internationally and those affected by a disaster can call for, and get, help faster than ever before. One concern is the effects of constant pressure from large corporations to lower prices and shorten production times for goods. Although jobs are created, poor labour standards and cost cutting processes in developing countries mean wages can be low, conditions are often dangerous and workers rights are violated. Critics of free-market economics note that industries in developed countries did not develop in these open conditions. Instead, they were protected locally (often with subsidies) and their markets were closed to outside competition until new industries became established. Yet poor countries are now expected to perform and survive in new global markets without first starting from an established base and without adequate support or concern for local interests. This makes it difficult for developing nations to benefit from the increased trade oppurtunities offered by globalisation. Rich countries primarily produce manufactured goods for the world market, which hold their value and command good prices. Developing countries generally produce commodities raw materials like cotton, coffee, cocoa, metals and minerals cheaply and efficiently, but do not have the current capacity to produce manufactured products. Unlike manufactured products. Unlike manufactured goods, commodities are extremely vulnerable to wide price swings whenever there is a shortage or oversupply. Countries which depend on only a few vital commodities for income may struggle if the global price suddenly plummets.

Intelligent Design of the Universe Essay -- Religion Science Creationi

Intelligent Design of the Universe The search for knowledge about the origin of humanity is as old as its inhabitants. Since the early 1800's mankind has narrowed the debate to creation by a Supreme Being and the theory of evolution. Ever since then, science has been at odds against religion. Now it appears that science is returning to religion. Scientists are finding proof that the universe was created by a Supreme Being. The word evolution refers to the change of something over a period of time(Webster's 634). In biology, the theory of evolution is "the complex of processes by which living organisms originated on earth and have been diversified and modified through sustained changes in form and function"(Valentine). This theory proposes that between 4 million and 10 million years ago, all organisms on earth had a common ancestor and that through a process of evolution, all living organisms descended from this common ancestor(Coyne). Chevalier de Lamarck, a French naturalist proposed a theory of evolution in 1809. His idea did not get much scientific consideration until Charles R. Darwin announced his theory of evolution(Coyne). Darwin published "his most famous book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection"(Valentine) in 1859. Darwin stated that offspring resemble their parents, yet they are not exactly identical to them. He also noted that some of these differences were not effects of their environment, but actually were passed down from parents to children(Valentine). Darwin is the most well known scientist to write on evolution. There are many different variations on the theory of evolution. Darwin states that natural selection is the main reason for the evolution of life. The fight for food, water and other necessities benefits those creatures who are well adapted for the struggle. Those that cannot survive, die with no offspring to continue their genetic line. Natural selection is also called survival of the fittest. Another related idea to evolution is gradualism. "Gradualism is the idea that evolutionary changes do not occur suddenly but over large amounts of time, ranging from decades to millions of years"(Coyne). Genetic drift is another way that scientists define evolution. When two of a species mate, their offspring gets 23 chromosomes from both parents. When a gene does not split and combine correctly, a mutation oc... ... of God." National Review May 6,1996:28-32. Limbaugh, Rush. The Way Things Ought to Be. New York:Pocket Books, 1992. Miller, Kenneth R. "Life's Grand Design." Technology Review. Feb./March 1994:24-32 CD-ROM. 1996 SIRS. SIRS 1994 Life Science. Article 59 Sagan, Carl. "Snowflakes Fallen on the Hearth: The Evolution of the Earth." Planetary Report. Jan./Feb. 1993:4-9 CD-ROM. 1996 SIRS. SIRS 1994 Earth Science. Article 53 Schneider, E.D, Kay, J.J. "Life as a Manifestation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 1994: 25-48. Suits, Conrad. "The Role of the Horsesin 'A Voyage to the Houyhnhnms.'" Modern Critical Interpretations, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York:Chelsea. 116-125 Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels. New York:Penguin,1960. Valentine, James W. "Evolution." Encarta. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corp:1994 Vawter, Rev. Bruce. "Creation." Encarta. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corp:1994 Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary. Second Edition. 1983 Williams, Kathleen. "Animal Rationis Capax." Modern Critical Interpretations, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York:Chelsea. 37-82

Understanding the Proposed Benefits of Free Trade

This theory, known as import substitution industrialization, is largely considered ineffective for currently developing nations. 3] Disadvantages of tariffs[edit] The pink regions are the net loss to society caused by the existence of the tariff. The chart at the right analyzes the effect of the imposition of an import tariff on some imaginary good. Prior to the tariff, the price of the good in the world market (and hence in the domestic market) is Pworld. The tariff increases the domestic price to Ptariff. The higher price causes domestic production to increase from QSI to QS2 and causes domestic consumption to decline from QCI to This has three main effects on societal welfare.Consumers are made worse off because the consumer urplus (green region) becomes smaller. Producers are better off because the producer surplus (yellow region) is made larger. The government also has additional tax revenue (blue region). However, the loss to consumers is greater than the gains by producers and the government. The magnitude of this societal loss is shown by the two pink triangles. Removing the tariff and having free trade would be a net gain for An almost identical analysis of this tariff from the perspective of a net producing country yields parallel results.From that country's perspective, the ariff leaves producers worse off and consumers better off, but the net loss to producers is larger than the benefit to consumers (there is no tax revenue in this analysis, export tariffs, import quotas, and export quotas all yield nearly identical results. [l] Sometimes consumers are better off and producers worse off, and sometimes consumers are worse off and producers are better off, but the imposition of trade restrictions causes a net loss to society because the losses from trade restrictions are larger than the gains from trade restrictions.Free trade creates inners and losers, but theory and empirical evidence show that the size of the winnings from free trade are larger tha n the losses. [l] Trade diversion[edit] According to mainstream economic theory, the selective application of free trade agreements to some countries and tariffs on others can lead to economic inefficiency through the process of trade diversion. It is economically efficient for a good to be produced by the country which is the lowest cost producer, but this does not always take place if a high cost producer has a free trade agreement while the low cost roducer faces a high tariff.Applying free trade to the high cost producer (and not the low cost producer as well) can lead to trade diversion and a net economic loss. This is why many economists place such high importance on negotiations for global tariff reductions, such as the Doha Round. [l] Opinion of economists[edit] The literature analysing the economics of free trade is extremely rich with extensive work having been done on the theoretical and empirical effects.Though it creates winners and losers, the broad consensus among eco nomists is that free trade is a arge and unambiguous net gain for society. [6][7] In a 2006 survey of American economists (83 responders), â€Å"87. 5% agree that the U. S. should eliminate remaining tariffs and other barriers to trade† and â€Å"90. 1% disagree with the suggestion that the U. S. should restrict employers from outsourcing work to foreign countries. â€Å"[8] Quoting Harvard economics professor N.Gregory Mankiw, â€Å"Few propositions command as much consensus among professional economists as that open world trade increases economic growth and raises living standards. â€Å"[9] Nonetheless, uoting Professor Peter Soderbaum of Malardalen University, Sweden, â€Å"This neoclassical trade theory focuses on one dimension, i. e. , the price at which a commodity can be delivered and is extremely narrow in cutting off a large number of other considerations about impacts on employment in different parts of the world, about environmental impacts and on culture. [1 0] Most economists would agree that although increasing returns to scale might mean that certain industry could settle in a geographical area without any strong economic reason derived from comparative dvantage, this is not a reason to argue against free trade because the absolute level of output enjoyed by both â€Å"winner† and â€Å"loser† will increase with the â€Å"winner† gaining more than the â€Å"loser† but both gaining more than before in an absolute level.In the classic text An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Wealth of Nations), namely, in the passage â€Å"Of Restraints upon the Importation from Foreign Countries of such Goods as can be Produced at Home† economist Adam Smith describes reasons for allowing free trade.

Music Is The Most Influential Music - 1490 Words

Is music a way of expressing our emotions or is it just another way that people use to manipulate our minds? Music can be used for many things, in moments of sadness we listen to motivational music, in moments of happiness we listen to happy music. It just depends in the kind of mood we are into in those moments. That’s what music is, just another way that people use to express themselves. But what happen when music start teaching us lifestyle? are we ready to understand the meaning of the messages artists are sending us?. Hip Hop music is the most influential music there is in our society. Teaching young woman and man the wrong idea of what a love relationship means, by objectifying the woman and picturing the man erroneously. In the†¦show more content†¦HipHop music and lyrics teach this young man this idea in almost every single song for example Rick Ross a hiphop/ rap writer and singer says in one of his song â€Å"Put molly all in her champagne, she ain’t even know it. I took her home and I enjoyed that, she ain’t even know it† (You don’t even know it). Basically what this artist is telling all his listeners are that is okay to have sex with a girl if she is unconscious, to drug her and to have sex without her consent. This issue in other words is call rape. Young men are becoming physically abusive to women because they believe is right to do it. In the book â€Å"Pimps Up, Ho’s Down† Sharpley Whiting states, â€Å"A gifted an MC as DMX is, the lyrics to X Is Coming ( if you got a daughter older than fifteen, Ima rape her ) deeply disturb, as do Tupac Shakur’s ‘First let my nigga fuck then I fuck/ That’s how we do it (ha, ha),†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(59). Whiting is concern with this kinds of lyrics. This hiphop artist are putting this wrong idea in the young men, that lead them to become physically abusive to women. Young man create this idea that sexually abuse toward women has no consequences because hiphop artist are making it seen this this way. HipHop culture is sending wrong messages to young men, by making them believe the wrong idea of how sex is supposed to be use in a love relationship, making young man believe that sex can be used as a form of